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June 29, 2024
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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare’s Biography and his life story

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William Shakespeare’s Biography and his life story:

A rare few geniuses of world literature who have transcended the boundaries of time for their epoch-making contributions, William Shakespeare is one of them. The people of the world are still surprised and blessed to get acquainted with this literary worker of almost four hundred years ago. Literary interpreters and critics can convey a vast and multifaceted meaning with a single sentence of William Shakespeare’s play, which has never been possible in any other literary work.

It seems that there is not a single day in the whole year, on which his plays are not being performed in some country or place of the world. Such a popular and profoundly knowledgeable yet philosophical literature has never been born in the world. A brief biography of William Shakespeare, one of the geniuses of world literature. Shakespeare’s biography is discussed in detail.

Who was William Shakespeare?

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright. Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer in the English language and one of the world’s leading playwrights. Shakespeare is also known as England’s “National Poet” and “Bard of Avon”. Shakespeare’s extant works include 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long epics, and several other poems. Some of the works were written by Shakespeare in collaboration with other authors. William Shakespeare’s plays have been translated into every major living language and performed more times than any other playwright’s work.

Birth of William Shakespeare:

Shakespeare was born on April 26, 1564, in Stratford on the banks of the River Avon in Warwickshire.

Parents of William Shakespeare:

William Shakespeare’s father’s name was John Shakespeare and his mother’s name was Mary Arden. Of the seven siblings, all but William died of plague in childhood.

Childhood of William Shakespeare:

Little is known about William’s childhood and adolescence. But it is known that Shakespeare was born into an old English landed gentry family. Shakespeare’s father was elected Underman and Corporation Bailiff of Stratford. Is known for his interest in and patronage of stage acting while holding all these official positions. He used to help the theater troupes that came to the city from outside to get direct financial assistance. It can be assumed that this theatricality of the father was carried on and developed in the son William.

Shakespeare’s Father:

Many say that John Shakespeare’s profession was a butcher. What is reliably known from Stratford town records, however, is that John was a glove maker and leather goods merchant. It is not difficult to guess that William had the opportunity to see plays on the stage from his childhood in the environment of Stratford. This is how his passion for poetry and acting was born.

Education and Career of William Shakespeare:

Along with his studies, William also looked after his father’s business. The popular story about Shakespeare is that William Shakespeare used to steal deer in the Stratford area. Once he fled to London to avoid punishment for the crime of deer theft. His livelihood was looking after and supervising the horses of those who came to see the theater in the theater. These stories are just fiction, experts do not think that they have any real basis.

Married Life of William Shakespeare:

Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway at the age of eighteen Anne was the daughter of a farmer friend of John Shakespeare.

Acting Life of William Shakespeare:

William has been interested in poetry and acting since childhood. Coming to London, Shakespeare joined a theater group. William Shakespeare’s early work here was writing ginormous plays and plays.

At that time, drama writers did not have much status. They were considered like five other ordinary workers of the theatre. Old records indicate that William did not perform at the Globe or any other theater.

Shakespeare worked with Richard Burbage, Edward Allyn, and later Lord Chamberlain’s company. Within a few days of his life in London, William published two collections of poems at his own expense.

William Shakespeare’s recognition as a poet:

William Shakespeare gained recognition as a poet when Venus and Adonis were published in 1593 AD and The Rape of Lucrecy in 1594 AD. Plays written by William have been successfully performed on the stage. But William Shakespeare had no interest in publishing them in book form. No publisher has come forward.

However, William William Shakespeare’s innate talent was able to raise him from an ordinary worker to a co-owner of one of London’s leading theater companies. William was the second of nine partners in the Globe Theatre. William’s life suffered an extreme disaster. His only son Hamlet died suddenly at the age of eleven.

William Shakespeare was greatly affected by this accident. Shakespeare then took a London bus and came to Stratford.

Here in 1597 AD William Shakespeare bought a big house and started living permanently. The new house was named New Press. William was in London for eight years. During this time he wrote plays one after another and was busy staging them.

William married his two daughters Susan and Judith at Stratford in 1608 and 1616 respectively.

Plays of Shakespeare:

The First Folio, the first collection of Shakespeare’s plays, was first published in 1623 AD. Shakespeare wrote a total of 34 plays, they are:

  • Historical Dramas: Henry IV, Henry IV, Part II, Henry V, Henry VIII.
  • Historical Tragedy: Henry VI 1st, 2nd, 3rd Part, Richard III, Richard II, King John.
  • Tragedy: Titus Andronicus, Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, Timon of Athens.

Comedies of William Shakespeare:

The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love’s Labor Lost, The Taming of the Shrew, Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, Midsummer Night’s Dream. As You Like It, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Twelfth Knight, Troilers and Grasida, All’s Well That Ends Well, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest, The Two Noble Kinsmen.

Poetry of William Shakespeare:

Shakespeare’s poetry includes 154 Sonnets, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucretia, and an elegy, The Phoenix and Turtle.

Death of William Shakespeare:

This world-renowned great dramatist passed away on April 23, 1616, at the age of 52. He was buried next to the preaching altar in front of a small church in his hometown.

Biography of William Shakespeare:
When was Shakespeare born?
Ans: William Shakespeare was born on 26 April 1564.

Who was Shakespeare?
Ans: William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright.

What was Shakespeare’s father’s name?
Ans: William Shakespeare’s father’s name is John Shakespeare.

What was Shakespeare’s mother’s name?
Ans: Shakespeare’s mother’s name is Mary Arden.

How many plays did Shakespeare write?
Ans: Shakespeare wrote 34 plays.

When were Shakespeare’s plays first published?
Ans: Shakespeare’s plays were first published in 1623.

How many sonnets are there in Shakespeare’s poetry?
Ans: There are 154 sonnets in Shakespeare’s poetry.

What are the humorous plays of William Shakespeare?
Ans: William Shakespeare’s humorous plays are – The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love’s Labour’s Lost, Midsummer, etc.

What was the name of William Shakespeare’s wife?
Ans: William Shakespeare’s wife’s name is Anne Hathaway.

When was Shakespeare born?
Ans: William Shakespeare was born on 26 April 1564.

When did Shakespeare die?
Ans: William Shakespeare breathed his last on 23 April 1616.

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June 29, 2024
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Charles Dickens biography

Charles Dickens biography and life history

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How old is the charming boy with a cheeky face then? Ten-twelve years of Barajo. So many boys have to get down to work now! Tears were rolling down the boy’s eyes as he remembered the words again and again. He is repeatedly wiping tears with his right hand. Moments later, his father was dragged away in handcuffs by a policeman. He turned his eyes away from that direction. This scene is unbearable for him. One by one, mother, uncle, and other family members were also handcuffed. Only the second son of the family, Charles, and his sister were spared. Let’s start to learn about Charles Dickens biography and life history.

The police prison van ran towards the prison leaving these two behind. Charles and his sister Frances stared at it. As soon as the police cars were out of sight, the two entered the house together. Then suddenly Charles ran to his room. His eyes fell on the school bag placed beside the bed. Enraged, Charles took out one book from the bag pulled it with both hands, and started tearing it. From today he has no more school. So there is no need for these books.

The two remained hungry that day. But they were restless when they woke up the next morning. Stomach rumbling with hunger. If you don’t put something in your mouth, you will die. Finally, Charles stood up. He cleaned himself by splashing water on his face. This time he went out wearing the small coat that his father had given him on Christmas. He continued to roam the streets of dirty London. “Sir, I need a job,” pleads the destitute Charles as he goes to the store. I am willing to do whatever you say.” Many people drove him away.

Charles Dickens and his expectations

A new revolution in the literature of Europe in the Victorian era is the name of Charles Dickens. He was a novelist, journalist, editor, photojournalist and critic. But history will remember Charles Dickens for his extraordinary writing. The author of timeless novels like ‘Oliver Twist’, ‘A Christmas Carol’, ‘Nicholas Nickleby’, ‘David Copperfield’, ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ and ‘Great Expectations’, Dickens is recognized as the most popular writer of the 19th century.

Through his novel, the picture of poor people and social disharmony in the society of that time has emerged. But he was also everyone’s favorite writer for presenting breath-taking novels based on simple friendship or love incidents. He has gained equal popularity among people of all sections of the society. Even 21st-century libraries are overrun with Dickens lovers.

Famous writer Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. Charles was the second child of eight children born to their father John Dickens and mother Elizabeth Baro. The Dickens family was poor. John Dickens worked hard to change the family’s fortunes, but in no way did their condition improve. The city of Portsmouth seems cursed to John. So the family moved to Chatham, Kent, hoping to change their fortunes. They started everything anew in a new city.

He used to walk freely in the streets of the city. Sometimes he visited the ancient palace of Rochester with his siblings. It seemed that Dickens’ luck had returned. But they could not settle in Chatham either. As a result, they moved to London in 1822. Charles Dickens spent his childhood in London. But in the new town, John Dickens got into bigger trouble. As a result, teenager Charles resigned to the joy of childhood and got involved in the battle of life.

Hard times of Charles Dickens

John Dickens settles in the poor countryside of London. Being financially helpless, he borrowed a lot of money from his neighbors. But he failed to pay the amount even after the deadline. Creditors were angry. How many days like this? This time they threw the case in John’s name. John and his entire family were named as defendants in the case. A few days later, the police appeared in front of Dickens’ house. Poor Dickens surrendered helplessly. In 1824, John Dickens and his adult family were arrested and sent to prison.

Charles, without parents, started looking for a job to earn a living. Eventually, he found work in a shoe ink factory on the banks of the River Thames. He earned six shillings a week. With this money, he started to survive by eating two meals a day. He also stopped going to school. Charles went to work early every morning. He used to return late. This childhood struggle had a significant impact on Charles’ psychological world. Charles Dickens commented on his childhood in his autobiography,

“It’s amazing to think how I managed to fight at such a young age. My parents used to cry seeing my condition. They were satisfied. But my whole world was shattered. Everyone looked at him with pity. Now I am very famous. Life is going well. I sometimes forget that I have a wife, I am a family man. Suddenly I am back to my childhood, to that miserable past!”

Prison Life

Charles Dickens visited his parents in prison once a week. Socially neglected, Charles quickly becomes familiar with the harsh realities and inconsistencies of society. He later incorporated this discrepancy into his novel. Through his writings, we repeatedly encounter the poor oppressed society.

Charles’s ordeal ended like a fairy tale. One day John Dickens learns that he has inherited a large sum of money from the village house. He paid off the debt with that money and was released. Charles also had the opportunity to quit his job at the ink factory and go to school again. But John Dickens spent that money very quickly. As a result, he again fell into debt. But Charles doesn’t want to lose his father again. Dickens ended his education at the age of 15. He started working again as an office peon. It was while working here that Dickens’s literary qualities developed.

Dickens the Journalist and the Hand of Writing

In 1832, Charles Dickens quit working as a peon and started working for various newspapers. He started sketching pictures in various newspapers in London. He kept writing two or four pages now and then. Most interestingly, Charles continued to sign the sketch under a pseudonym. All his sketches were signed with the name ‘Boz’ or ‘Boz’. In 1836, Charles Dickens collected his sketches and published them in a book called ‘The Sketches by Bowes’. Charles Dickens made a lot of money by selling books. His financial condition improved slightly.

Continuity of Success

He continued to gain fame from all sides. Charles Dickens began to dream anew with the success of the series. He also got a job as a newspaper editor. While editor of Bentley’s Miscellany, Charles Dickens began writing a new series of novels. He named the serial written about a starving orphan boy ‘Oliver Twist’. Never before in the history of the Victorian English novel had a boy been presented as the protagonist. The first episode of Oliver Twist was published in February 1837. A picture of Charles’s childhood misery emerges in teenage Oliver. The fame of this novel, published continuously for about two years, spread beyond England. “Oliver Twist” also gained popularity in the reading community of the distant United States. The novel was published in book form in 1838.

Charles did not stop after success in serial novels. Because he wants to tell more stories. He sat down to write anew for that purpose. One by one, he wrote three popular series of novels titled ‘Nicholas Nickleby (1838-39)’, ‘The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-41)’, ‘Barnaby Ridge (1841)’. The name of Charles Dickens, who made his debut in the world of writing, spread throughout Europe and America. A new experience awaits Charles in the next phase of his life, which is called the ‘United States’.

Vacationing in the United States

Charles Dickens and his wife visited America for five months in 1842. The reading community of the country received him with a grand reception. While traveling abroad for vacations, Charles held several lectures there. In a series of lectures held from Virginia to Missouri, he repeatedly called for awareness against slavery. His lectures were attended by such a large number of people that even the organizers had to stand outside the lecture hall to listen to the lectures. According to the famous author JB Priestley, “I do not know if anyone else in American history has been greeted with such reverence”.

Dickens himself was impressed. He admitted, “The way they surrounded me, I felt like a star.” Capitalizing on his travel experience on his return from America, he wrote two books – ‘American Notes’ and ‘Martin Chuzzlewit’. Back home, Charles Dickens was rekindled. After writing two new books, he wrote a new novel. The new novel titled ‘A Christmas Carol’ was Dickens’ gift to readers this Christmas. Charles later traveled to Italy. Returning to the country, he took up the task of writing full-length novels instead of serial novels.

Revolution in the world of novels

Charles Dickens could have maintained his popularity with readers for several centuries for his series of novels. Charles realized it himself. So this time he focused on writing a full-length novel. He first brought out a novel called ‘Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son’. Charles transforms a social story into a living anecdote with an artistic touch in the socio-economic context of London at that time. Pathak Samaj did not disappoint him this time either. Millions of copies of his books were sold at famous book fairs in the country.

Goodbye Charles

Charles Dickens was seriously injured in a railway accident in 1865. He survived for a bit of service. But Dickens never recovered from the accident. Writing stopped due to illness. But Dickens could not rest from writing for long. Due to the love of readers, he rushed to different parts of the country while ill. Read his novels. He even started writing novels anew. But he could not finish the novel called ‘The Mystery of Edwin Druid’. On June 9, 1870, the writer Charles Dickens left the world at the age of 58 due to a cerebral hemorrhage. In honor of the author, was buried with honors along with other famous writers in Westminster Abbey. His funeral was attended by lakhs of devotees. A national mourning was declared in England on the occasion of his death.

Charles Dickens, a struggling teenager who grew up in a hostile environment, conquered the world one day. Through perseverance and hard work, he has earned the love of millions of readers. Charles Dickens has been an inspiration to thousands of people. Even if he dies in the earthly world, he will live forever in his actions. He will return to us again and again in the path of that orphan Oliver in Oliver Twist.

June 14, 2024
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Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman biogrphay and his life history

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Walt Whitman (English: Walter “Walt” Whitman) (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist. Famous as a humanist, Whitman combined realism and realism in his works. Whitman is one of the most influential American poets. He is also called the father of free rhythm. His work created considerable controversy at the time. In particular, his poetry collection Leaves of Grass was criticized for excessive profanity.

 

Whitman was born in Long Island, New York, USA. Along with publishing her poetry, she also worked as a journalist, teacher, government clerk, and volunteer nurse in the American Civil War. Early in his career, he wrote a temperance novel called Franklin Evans (1842). In 1855 he published his seminal book Leaves of Grass. The poem was intended to be an American epic work readable by the common man. Before he died in 1892, he expanded and refined this poem in various ways. After suffering a heart attack towards the end of his life, he moved to Camden, New Jersey. He died there when he was 72 years old. His funeral was attended by many common people.

 

Along with Whitman’s poetry, his sexuality is also widely discussed. Although biographers debate his sexuality, he is generally described as homosexual or bisexual. Although Whitman had sexual experiences with men, his biographers disagree. Whitman was politically aware throughout his life. He was a supporter of the Wilmot Proviso and opposed the expansion of slavery. His poetry presents an egalitarian society’s view of ethnic groups.

Whitman’s Early life and education

On May 31, 1819, Walt Whitman was born in West Hills, Town of Huntington, Long Island. His parents were Walter and Lucia von Velsor Whitman. They were adherents of Quaker thought. Whitman was the second of his parents’ nine children. Soon after the christening, he was nicknamed “Walt” to distinguish his name from his father’s. Walter Whitman Sr. named three of his seven sons after US leaders Andrew Jackson, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

 

Her eldest son was named Jess and one of her sons died at just six months old before being christened. His sixth and youngest son was named Edward. At the age of four, Whitman moved with his family from the West Hills to Brooklyn. Here they had to change their residence several times due to financial problems. Whitman also mentions in his memoirs a troubled and depressed childhood due to their poor financial situation. However, he also talked about a happy moment in his childhood. On July 4, 1825, in a ceremony in Brooklyn, she was once raised to zero, and the Marquis de Lafayette kissed her on the cheek.

Formal education of Whitman

Whitman ended his formal education at the age of eleven. After that, he started trying to work to help his family. At first, he worked as an office boy for two lawyers. Then Patriot named Samuel E. Apprenticed and worked on the Painter’s Devil, a Long Island weekly newspaper edited by Clements. It was here that Whitman learned how to operate a printing press and typesetting. He is believed to have composed “sentimental bits” at that time to fill the pages of some issues of this weekly. He, Clements, and two other friends became embroiled in controversy when they tried to dig up the grave of Quaker minister Elias Hicks and make a plaster mold of his head. Perhaps because of this controversy, Clements left the Patriot shortly thereafter.

Early career

The following summer Whitman began working for another coiner named Erastus Ordington in Brooklyn. His family moved back to West Hill that spring. But Whitman remained there and took a job in the shop of Alden Spooner, editor of the Long-Island Star, the leading weekly newspaper of the Whig Party at the time. While working here, Whitman became a regular patron of the local library. During this time he became a member of a debating organization in the city and started watching plays. At that time he also published some of his early poems anonymously in the New York Mirror.

 

In May 1835, at the age of sixteen, he left the Long Island Star and Brooklyn and moved to New York City. Here he started working as a typewriter. However, at the end of his life, he could not remember exactly where he used to do this work. Then he started looking for other work. But a terrible fire destroyed the area’s printing and publishing sector, making it difficult for him to find other work. Added to this was the economic distress caused by the Panic of 1837. He returned to his family in May 1836. His family was living in Hampstead, Long Island at the time. Until the spring of 1838, Whitman worked here and there as a school teacher. However, he did not find much satisfaction in teaching.

Walt Whitman grass

Walt Whitman was determined to become a poet. He was the first to experiment with various popular literary genres that reflected the cultural tastes of the time. In the early 1850s, he began writing what became a collection called Leaves of Grass. Later, he edited and revised this collection of poems until his death.

Whitman wanted to write a distinctly American epic and use free verse based on the Bible. In late June 1885, Whitman surprised his brothers by publishing the first printed edition of Leaves of Grass. His brother George then “thought it unreadable”.

Civil war years

The poem called for a “patriotic awakening”. Whitman’s brother George joined the 51st New York Infantry Regiment in the Union Army and wrote to Whitman detailing several incidents of the war.

A list of killed and wounded soldiers in the New York Tribune on December 16, 1862, included the name of “First Lieutenant GW Whitmore”, causing Whitman to worry for his brother George. He immediately heads south to find her, though his wallet is stolen along the way. He walks all day and night visiting big people trying to find out about his brother and finally, he finds George alive.

George was only slightly injured and only had a bruise on his cheek. Whitman left for Washington on December 28, 1862, deeply moved by the sight of the wounded soldiers and their piles of dismembered limbs, intending never to return to New York.

Literary work

Whitman’s works differed from the poetic structure in that they were more generally prose. His writing style deviated from the established conventions of his predecessors and included “varied treatment of body and soul as well as self and others”. His writing uses unusual imagery and symbols, including rotting leaves, pieces of hay, and debris.

Poetic theory

In the preface to the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass, Whitman wrote: “The proof of a poet is that his country embraces him as lovingly as he embraces her.” He believed that there is an essential deep connection between the poet and the society. He refers to this relationship in the poem “Song of Myself” and here he uses a strong good person or “I”. Here the author deviates from the historical usage of a noble hero and adopts the identity of the common man. In Leaves of Grass also on the public in the United States, The effects of recent urbanization are described.

Health deterioration and death

After suffering a paralytic stroke in early 1873, Whitman was prompted to move from Washington to the home of his brother, engineer George Washington Whitman, at 431 Stevens Street in Camden, New Jersey. His ailing mother stayed there and died in May of that year.

Walt Whitman lived in his brother’s house until he bought his own house in 1884. Whitman spent most of his time living at his brother’s house on Stevens Street in Camden before buying his house. He was very productive while living there. During that time he published three editions of Leaves of Grass, among other works. His other brother, Edward, an “invalid” from birth, lived at home.

Inheritance and influence

Walt Whitman is claimed to be the first “poet of democracy” in the United States, reflecting his ability to write in a singularly American character. Mary Whittall Smith Costello, an American-British friend of Whitman’s, wrote: “You cannot understand America without Walt Whitman, without Leaves of Grass.

He expresses that civilization, is ‘up to date,’ as he says, and no student of the philosophy of history can complete a history lesson without him. Andrew Carnegie called him “the greatest American poet ever.” Whitman himself was a messiah in poetry,  Many believed that one of his admirers, William Sloan Kennedy, speculated that “people will celebrate the birth of Walt Whitman because they are now the creation of Christ”.

Whitman as a European writers

Many, including Oscar Wilde and Edward Carpenter, considered Whitman a prophet of a utopian future and homosexual desire. This attitude was also intertwined with their aspirations for a future of fraternal socialism. Whitman also influenced Dracula’s author Bram Stoker and was a model for the character Dracula. Stoker stated in his notes that Dracula represented the ideal man, which to Stoker was Whitman, with whom he corresponded until Whitman’s death.